Depression is more than just feeling down—it’s a severe mood disorder that brings about a deep sense of sadness and a lack of interest in things you once enjoyed. Also known as major depressive disorder or clinical depression, it impacts how you feel, think, and act. It can affect your daily life, making even everyday tasks feel overwhelming, and sometimes, it may even lead to thoughts that life isn’t worth living.

It’s important to know that depression is not a sign of weakness, and it’s not something you can “snap out” of. It often needs treatment, whether through medication, therapy, or a combination of both. The good news is that most people who face depression begin to feel better with the right help.

In this guide, we’ll find depression symptoms and share valuable ways to help you manage and overcome it. Keep reading—your answers and the support you need to fight depression are just ahead.

What is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

Clinical depression, also called major depressive disorder (MDD), is more than just feeling down. It’s a mental health illness that can bring about a deep, constant sadness and a loss of interest in activities that once brought joy. It can also affect your sleep, appetite, and ability to think clearly. These depression symptoms should be present for at least two weeks.

Depression is a long-term condition, but it tends to come in episodes lasting several weeks or months. Many people experience more than one episode throughout their lives. It’s distinct from persistent depressive disorder, which is a milder, more ongoing form of depression that lasts at least two years.

Here are some common signs of major depressive disorder that often show up during these episodes:

• Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or tearfulness
• Irritability or frustration, even over minor things
• A loss of interest in activities you used to enjoy, like hobbies, sex, or sports
• Sleep issues, whether that means insomnia or sleeping too much
• Extreme fatigue, making even simple tasks feel like a huge effort
• Changes in appetite—overeating or loss of interest in eating, leading to weight loss or gain
• Anxiety or feelings of restlessness
• Slowed thinking, speaking, or physical movements
• A sense of worthlessness or guilt, concentrating on past mistakes or blaming yourself
• Difficulty focusing, making decisions, or remembering things
• Thoughts about death or suicide, or even attempts
• Unexplained physical issues like back pain or headaches

If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, reaching out for help is essential. Depression can be challenging, but with the proper support, it’s manageable.

Symptoms of Depression: What to Watch For

Depression can look different for everyone, but there are some common signs and symptoms. It’s important to remember that we all experience low points in life, and some of these symptoms might be part of those regular ups and downs. However, if these depression symptoms feel more intense, last longer, and happen more frequently, they may indicate depression. Here are common depression symptoms:

1. Feelings of hopelessness and helplessness: You may feel like nothing will ever get better and can do nothing to change your situation.
2. Loss of interest in daily activities: Things that once brought you joy—like hobbies, socializing, or even intimacy—no longer seem appealing. You may lose the ability to feel pleasure in anything.
3. Changes in appetite or weight: This could mean significant weight loss or gain, such as more than 5% of your body weight in a month.
4. Sleep disturbances: Your sleep patterns might change depending on whether you struggle with insomnia, especially waking up early or sleeping too much.
5. Anger or irritability: You may feel on edge, restless, or easily frustrated. Your patience may be thinner; even minor annoyances can set you off.
6. Loss of energy: You might feel physically drained or sluggish, and simple tasks can feel overwhelming or take more time than usual.
7. Self-loathing: You may experience intense guilt or worthlessness, often being overly critical of yourself for mistakes or shortcomings.
8. Reckless behavior: Engaging in risky behaviors like substance abuse, compulsive gambling, or reckless driving may feel like a way to escape.
9. Concentration problems: Depression can make it hard to focus, make decisions, or remember things, which can interfere with daily life.

Unexplained aches and pains: Physical complaints, like headaches, back pain, or muscle aches, may increase without any clear cause.

If you notice these signs in yourself or someone else, looking for help is essential. Depression can be challenging, but understanding its symptoms is the first step toward getting the support you need.

Depression Symptoms in Children Vs. Adults

Depression Symptoms in Children and Teens

Depression can show up in kids and teens in ways that are identical to adults, but there can be some differences.

For younger children, signs of depression may include feelings of sadness, irritability, clinginess, worry, physical aches, or even refusal to go to school. They might also struggle with being underweight.

In teenagers, depression might look like persistent sadness, irritability, negative thoughts about themselves, and feeling worthless. Teens may also express anger, show poor performance or attendance at school, or feel misunderstood. Other signs can include:

• Extreme sensitivity.
• Turning to drugs or alcohol.
• Eating or sleeping too much.
• Self-harm.
• Loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed.
• Avoiding social interactions.

Depression Symptoms in Older Adults

Depression is not a normal part of aging, and it should always be taken seriously. Sadly, depression often goes unnoticed or untreated in older adults, and many may be hesitant to reach out for help. The signs in older adults might be a bit different or less obvious, such as:

• Difficulty with memory or noticeable changes in personality
• Physical pain or aches without a clear cause
• Fatigue, lack of appetite, or sleep problems—not linked to a medical condition or medications
• A tendency to stay home more often, avoiding social events or new activities
• Suicidal thoughts or feelings, especially in older men
• If you notice these signs in yourself or someone you care about, reaching out for support is essential. Depression can affect people of all ages, but with the right help, it’s treatable.

Is It Depression or Anxiety

Anxiety and depression are two different conditions, but they often go hand-in-hand because they share similar underlying biological causes. Anxiety can be a symptom of depression, or it can even trigger depression to begin with.

The symptoms of anxiety and depression can sometimes look very similar, which makes it challenging to tell them apart. Irritability, anger, unexplained aches, changes in energy levels, emphasis, and sleep patterns can appear in both conditions. Even the persistent negative thoughts that are often linked with depression can feel a lot like the constant worry that comes with anxiety.

However, there are key differences between the two. While each person may uniquely experience these conditions, here’s how you might be able to tell them apart:

• In depression without anxiety, you’re likely to feel sluggish and unmotivated, with little energy to do anything. On the other hand, in depression with anxiety, you may feel tense and restless and experience a racing mind that’s hard to quiet.
• In depression without anxiety, you might see the future as tragic and feel hopeless, thinking things will never improve. With depression and anxiety, however, you may spend a lot of time worrying about what the future holds, feeling frightened, yet thinking that your worrying could somehow help ease those fears.

If you notice that anxiety is part of your depression, it’s essential to seek treatment for both. Since anxiety and depression are so closely linked, many of the strategies that help with anxiety can also help manage depressive symptoms. Reaching out for support can make a real difference in your journey toward feeling better.

How Depression Impacts Mental and Physical Health

Depression isn’t just something that affects your emotions—it impacts both your mind and body. When left untreated, depression can lead to a range of worsening symptoms. Many people dealing with depression also struggle with other mental health challenges, like anxiety, which can make daily life feel even more challenging to manage.

But the effects don’t stop there. Depression can weaken your immune system, leaving your body more vulnerable to illness. It can also affect your heart health, raising the risk of heart disease. And on top of that, depression can lead to chronic pain, creating a tough cycle that’s difficult to break. It’s not just about feeling down—it can affect your overall well-being.

Recognizing Depression Early: Why It’s Crucial to Seek Help

Recognizing depression early is essential. The longer it goes untreated, the more challenging it can become. Depression can strain personal relationships, making it harder to connect with loved ones, and can affect work performance, leading to decreased productivity and job satisfaction. When these areas of life are impacted, it can lower your overall quality of life.

Taking that first step to seek help is crucial—it can stop depression from getting worse and help you start feeling better.

Common Therapies for Managing Depression

There are several ways to manage depression, and some of them are simple changes you can make to your daily routine. Here are some major depressive disorder therapies:

• Exercise: Physical activity is one of the best ways to boost mood. It releases endorphins, chemicals that help lift your spirits and reduce stress.
• Nutrition: Eating a balanced diet can support your mental health. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, like salmon, and vitamins can help your brain work better and improve your mood.
• Sleep Hygiene: Getting enough good-quality sleep is essential for mental health. Creating a consistent sleep routine, like going to bed simultaneously each night, can help you feel mentally and physically better.
• Mindfulness and Meditation: These practices can help you stay in the moment, manage stress, and deal with negative thoughts. Regular mindfulness and meditation can ease symptoms of depression and improve your overall well-being.

Making these changes can be a powerful way to support your mental health and take small steps toward feeling better.

Taking the First Step Toward Recovery

If you’re struggling with depression, don’t wait around hoping it’ll just get better on its own. Getting help early can make a huge difference. Major depressive disorder therapies, medication, and small lifestyle changes can all significantly improve your quality of life and help you begin your journey toward recovery.

Depression is treatable, and reaching out for help sooner rather than later often leads to better outcomes. If you’re ready to take that first step, Insight Choices is here to support you in overcoming depression and regaining your well-being.